Mariano Rodríguez (1912–1990) was a prominent Cuban painter and a key figure in the modernist movement in Latin American art.

Known for his vibrant use of color and expressive forms, Rodríguez's work often explored Cuban identity, nature, and everyday life. He gained international recognition for his depictions of roosters, which became a symbol of vitality, pride, and national spirit in his art.

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Rodríguez's style evolved over his career, blending elements of Expressionism, Cubism, and Surrealism. His bold, dynamic compositions are marked by a deep connection to the rhythms of Cuban culture, with recurring themes of flora, fauna, and human figures. ​